African Union Essays - African Union, Politics Of Africa

. By Yonas SD 2007 AAU Introduction This research is conducted on the conflict managementIts aims are describing and analyzing the different methods &techniques of these two institutions adopted to obvert& resolve conflict .Besides the research aimed to suggest on the peace keeping & peace building mechanism of these institutions in comparison to one another. Statement of the problem; Numerous conflicts in Africa, among the worst in world history, had been seen. Particularly after the end of cold war the scourge of violence has shown remarkable augmentation. Mean while international involvement to resolve Africa problems became least due to; insufficient political will of the international community, multiplicity of African conflicts, extended responsibility of international institutions, the setbacks it encounter (1993 in Somalia) are some of the factors. Presence of many ethnic groups & nationalities exceedingly contributed for the mushrooming of ethnic &other inter state conflict in the continent. Border conflict which is a colonial heritage ravaged the continent for a long period of time. Objective The basic objectives of this paper are: ?To show the importance of having regional mechanism for conflict prevention, management, ,promotion of peace ?To identify similarity ?To analyze their fragile side and sturdy side in order to suggest other possible means of forestalling conflict & establishing sustainable peace in the continent. Significance of the study This research is significant in three ways. Preliminary it serves as a guide on haw important it is having regional arrangements on the maintenance of international peace & security. Secondly, the evaluation of their techniques can clearly show as where the blunder was committed by the institutions, and thirdly it tells as haw to restructure in the direction of improving the mechanisms. Besides it can be used by concerned bodies as groundwork for further study. Limitations Among many limitations that I faced during my research the inaccessibility of archive materials & individuals has above reaching impact on the research .Until now many documents are exclusives for such kinds of studies. The short period of the AU life span doesn't permit as to make deep evaluation on its performance. Never the less we have tried our greatest endeavor to fill the gapes from other sources & techniques. Methods We employed primary courses such as referring the protocol of the establishment of Au &the protocol of the peace &Security Council of the AU &the constitution of the African Union. Books on conflict &conflict resolution are widely used during the research .Internet sources as well as policy documents were our other target during the research. Background Africa is made up of many list developed countries. It is a place for many conflicting factors. There are many factors to make the continent the arena for so many wrest conflicts in history. The artificial boundaries devised many of the African countries is one major factor for intense &numerous inter- state conflicts in Africa. Secondly, the existence of difference economic inequalities& socio economic declines side by side with economic regressions are major factors for intense inert state as well as intra state conflicts. Thirdly, absence of national state with the exception of Swaziland, Somalia, Lesotho, The best example is the case of Eritrean succession war the so called ?thirty year's war? of Africa that took lasted for 30 years [1962-1992].However, acute nationalism Fourthly, ideological Fifth, religious difference& ethnic diversity inside &among African countries is the deadly dynamic for copious inter state and intra state conflicts. In other words ethnic based conflicts & assertion of an ethnic group either minority

Filtering the Net essays

Filtering the Net essays Over the last several years many attempts have been made to put a limit on what can be viewed on the Internet. In 1996, it was the Communications Decency Act and in 1999 the Child Online Protection Act. Both were shot down because they were said to violate the first amendment right to free speech. Should the government have the right to limit what children view on the Internet? The government does this in places like schools and libraries. Filtering the Internet has become commonplace in most schools and libraries. Internet filters are software that puts restrictions on what can be viewed by using a vocabulary list. If a word on a website is in this list than the filter kicks in and the site cannot be seen. This has caught the eye of many different groups of people, such as the Family Research Council. This is what the Family Research Council has to say about Internet filters software that filters out objectionable Internet content will save public libraries from becoming sex havens where children and adults routinely go for pornography. Then there are groups with totally opposite views, such as the Gay and Lesbian Alliance against Defamation. When asked about Internet filters they said filters are imperfect and can harm children by creating a false sense of security and censoring some important information. The alliance just feels that if you deny children access to certain things, it will hurt them in the long run. Some teachers in New York City are also against the Internet filters because they said the filters would not allow access to many educational sites. There are also people who think the Internet filters are just a violation of free speech. Most people think that libraries and librarians were the ones that brought about these filters, but that is just not true. The American Library Association released this statement on internet filters it does not endo ...